Doctor Who
House
The TARDIS lands on a strange world in episode 6x04 “The Doctor's Wife”.
Source: The Doctor Who Locations Guide
Cavern under Vesuvius
Donna and the Doctor try to stop the creatures under the mountain in episode 4x02 “The Fires of Pompeii”.
Source: The Doctor Who Locations Guide
Mars Surface
The Doctor arrives on Mars and it captured and brought into the Mars base in season 4 special “The Waters of Mars”.
Source: The Doctor Who Locations Guide
Ood-Sphere
The Doctor travels to the Ood planet and talks to Ood Sigma in 2009 Christmas special “The End of Time: Part One”.
Source: The Doctor Who Locations Guide
Karn
The Doctor talks to Ohila about Davros in episode 9x01 “The Magician's Apprentice”.
Appears in 1 additional episode.
Also appears in “Prologue”.
Source: The Doctor Who Locations Guide
Far End of the Universe
Bill, the Doctor, and Nardole head to the far end of the universe to escape pursuit only to find the puddle there waiting for them in episode 10x01 “The Pilot”.
Source: The Doctor Who Locations Guide
Gallifrey
The Master shows the Doctor the ruins of Gallifrey and gives her a glimpse of the past in episode 12x10 “The Timeless Children”.
Ridge above Last Human Colony
The Doctor tells her companions about the Cyber War as they arrive above the colony loaded down with equipment in episode 12x09 “Ascension of the Cybermen”. The Doctor leaves the new TARDIS disguised as a tree and returns to her TARDIS in episode 12x10 “The Timeless Children”.